The Plum Tree Island National Wildlife Refuge is a National Wildlife Refuge in Poquoson, Virginia, located on the southwestern corner of the Chesapeake Bay. One of four refuges that comprise the Eastern Virginia Rivers National Wildlife Refuge Complex, it was owned by the United States Department of Defense before being transferred to the jurisdiction of the United States Fish and Wildlife Service in 1972. The 3,501-acre (14.17 km²) refuge is located at about the midpoint of the Atlantic Flyway.