Santa María Temaxcalapa is a town and municipality in Oaxaca in south-western Mexico. The municipality covers an area of km². It is part of the Villa Alta District in the center of the Sierra Norte Region. As of 2005, the municipality had a total population of . It is bordered on the north by San Juan Yatzona and San Ildefonso Villa Alta, on the south San Cristóbal Lachirioag and San Ildefonso Villa Alta, on the east by San Ildefonso Villa Alta, west to San Juan Yatzona, Villa Talea de Castro and San Cristóbal Lachirioag.