Pattukkottai is a town in Thanjavur district in the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The town came to prominence after the construction of the fort by Vanaji Pandithar, a feudatory of the Thanjavur Maratha ruler Shahuji I in 1686–87. The recorded history of Pattukkottai is known from the 17th century and has been ruled, at different times, by the Thanjavur Marathas and the British.