The Groot Letaba River headwater streams originate in the Drakensberg Escarpment, descending in long runs with an occasional riffle or pool, mostly in the Limpopo province of South Africa. At the higher level the Broederstroom River, Politsi River, Debengeni River, Letsitele River, and Thabina River, join the Groot Letaba. Lower down the Molototsi River (a seasonal stream) and Nsama River join before the Nsami Dam. Just before the Kruger National Park the Klein Letaba River flows into the river.