The Witwatersrand is a 56 km long north facing scarp in the Gauteng Province of South Africa. It consists of a hard, erosion resistant quartzite sedimentary rock, over which several north-flowing rivers form waterfalls, which account for the name “Witwatersrand” meaning the “ridge of white waters” in Afrikaans. This east-west running scarp can be traced with only one short gap from Bedfordview (about 10 km west of O.R.