An omuramba (pl. omiramba, Herero word) is an ancient river-bed found in the Kalahari Desert of Africa, notably in the North Eastern part of Namibia and North Western part of Botswana. The omiramba provide occasional standing pools of water and more fertility than in the surrounding sand plains. Some omiramba names are: Eiseb, Rietfontein, Epukiro, Omatako. They start in the central parts of Namibia and run into the central parts of Botswana, the depth and width of the beds varies, with some being 3 - 4 km wide. The omiramba which were perennial rivers about 16 thousand years ago, now flow only for short distances and only after heavy rains. Herdsmen love to make their cattle posts in or near the omiramba, so they do not need to use their pumping equipment to extract subterranean water, which may be as deep as 300m. Historically, they are known for battles which were fought along their winding courses, notably the Herero-German war in 1904, which ended in a terrible genocide that killed nearly 70% of the Herero population and saw many others flee down the omiramba, which were then in the dry season and inhospitable.