Olkusz [ˈɔlkuʂ] (German: Ilkenau, Yiddish: עלקיש) is a town in south Poland with 37,696 inhabitants (2013). Situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship (since 1999), previously in Katowice Voivodeship (1975–1998), it is the capital of Olkusz County. From 1941 to 1945, the occupying Germans renamed the region to Ilkenau.