Nanjing ( listen; Chinese: 南京, "Southern Capital") is the city situated in the heartland of drainage area of lower reaches of Yangtze River, which has long been a major centre of culture, education, research, politics, economy, transport networks and tourism. It is the capital city of Jiangsu province and the second largest city in East China, with a total population of 8.16 million and an urban population of 6.55 million in 2013, and legally the capital of Republic of China which lost the mainland during the civil war. The city whose name means "Southern Capital" has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having served as the capitals of various Chinese dynasties, kingdoms and republican governments dating from the 3rd century CE to 1949.